سورة يونس

Imam Baqir (peace be upon him): The earth is illuminated by the light of Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family) just as it is illuminated by the light of the sun. Allah has likened Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family) to the sun and his successor to the moon, and this is [the meaning of] the statement of Allah the Mighty and Majestic [where He said]: هُوَ الَّذِی جَعَلَ الشَّمْسَ ضِیَاء وَ الْقَمَرَ نُورًا [He it is Who made the sun a shining brightness and the moon a light].

Imam Baqir (peace be upon him): Allah likened Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family) to the sun and his successor to the moon; this is the very statement of Allah [who said]: جَعَلَ الشَّمْسَ ضِیاءً وَ الْقَمَرَ نُوراً [He made the sun a shining brightness and the moon a light].

Imam Ali (peace be upon him): Amir al-Mu'minin (peace be upon him) was asked about the categories of nur (light) in the Quran. He said: "One category of light is the Quran; another light is one of the names of Allah the Exalted; one kind of light is brightness; another light is the light of the moon; and another kind is the light [on the countenance] of the believer, which is [the result of] the believer's following [his Imam (peace be upon him)], by which he will be clothed in [a garment of] light on the Day of Resurrection. And light, in various places in the Torah, the Gospel and the Quran, is the proof of Allah upon His servants, which is the infallible human being... And Allah has said in Surah Yunus: هُوَ الَّذِی جَعَلَ الشَّمْسَ ضِیاءً وَ الْقَمَرَ نُوراً [He it is Who made the sun a shining brightness and the moon a light], and like this verse is the verse of Surah Nuh (peace be upon him): 'And He has made the moon a light within them' (Nuh/16). Likewise, Allah the Glorified has said: 'Praise be to Allah, Who created the heavens and the earth and made the darknesses and the light' (An'am/1) — what is meant by darkness and light is the night and day."

The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family): It is narrated from Jabir ibn Abd Allah that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) said to his companions: "Follow the sun. When the sun sets, follow the moon. When the moon sets, follow Venus. When Venus sets, follow al-Farqadan (the name of two polar stars)." The companions said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family)! What is meant by the sun, the moon, Venus and al-Farqadan?" He said: "I am the sun; Ali (peace be upon him) is the moon; Fatimah (peace be upon her) is Venus, and al-Farqadan are Hasan and Husayn (peace be upon them)."

Imam Baqir (peace be upon him): It is narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim that [in a gathering] I said to Imam Baqir (peace be upon him): "May I be your ransom! Why is the sun hotter than the moon?" He said: "Allah created the sun from the light of fire and the pure of water; a layer from this and a layer from that, until when it became seven layers He clothed it in a garment of fire. From this it became hotter than the moon." I said: "May I be your ransom! Then what about the moon?" He said: "Allah the Exalted created the moon from the radiance of the light of fire and the pure of water; a layer from this and a layer from that, until when it became seven layers He clothed it in a garment of water, and from this the moon became cooler than the sun."