سورة مريم

Ibn Abbas (may Allah have mercy on him): وَ تُنْذِرَ بِهِ قَوْماً لُدًّا [and warn thereby a vehemently contentious people] was revealed concerning Banu Umayya and Banu al-Mughira.

The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family): Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (peace be upon him) said: "I came to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family), and he said: '...' Jibra'il descended and said: إِنَّ الَّذِینَ آمَنُوا وَ عَمِلُوا الصّالِحاتِ سَیَجْعَلُ لَهُمُ الرَّحْمانُ وُدّاً [Indeed, those who believe and do righteous deeds, the Most Merciful will appoint for them love]..." The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) said: "What is meant by al-muttaqin (those who guard against evil) is Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him) and his Shia."

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him): Abu Basir narrates: I said to Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him): "What is the meaning of the phrase فَإِنَّمَا یَسَّرْنَاهُ بِلِسَانِکَ لِتُبَشِّرَ بِهِ الْمُتَّقِینَ وَتُنذِرَ بِهِ قَوْمًا لُّدًّا [So We have only made it easy in your tongue that you may give good news thereby to those who guard (against evil) and warn thereby a vehemently contentious people]?" He said: "Indeed Allah made the wilayah of Amir al-Mu'minin (peace be upon him) easy on the tongue of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family), and that was when He raised him up like a banner, and through him He gave good news to the believers and warned the disbelievers, and they are those whom Allah has mentioned in His Book by the title of vehement enemies (ludd), that is, the disbelievers."

Ali ibn Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him): لَقَدْ جِئْتُمْ شَیْئاً إِدًّا [Indeed you have brought forth a monstrous thing]; that is, a tremendous thing. قَوْماً لُدًّا [a contentious people]; that is, the people of disputation and quarrel.

The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family): The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) said to Ali (peace be upon him): "O Ali (peace be upon him)! Say: O Allah, establish love for me in the hearts of the believers, and appoint for me with You a covenant and love." When Ali (peace be upon him) supplicated according to Muhammad's (peace be upon him and his family) instruction, the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) said: "By the Lord of the Ka'bah, what Ali (peace be upon him) asked for has been established." Then the verse إِنَّ الَّذِینَ آمَنُوا وَ عَمِلُوا الصّالِحاتِ سَیَجْعَلُ لَهُمُ الرَّحْمانُ وُدّاً [Indeed, those who believe and do righteous deeds, the Most Merciful will appoint for them love] was revealed. And the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) said: "This verse was revealed concerning those who are opposed to the Messenger of Allah and Ali (peace be upon him)."

Ibn Abbas (may Allah have mercy on him): It is narrated from Abanah ibn Abi Abdillah that Ibn Abbas (may Allah have mercy on him) debated with the Haruriyyah group (a faction of the Khawarij who had gathered at a place near Kufa called Harura'), and said: "What did you find objectionable in Amir al-Mu'minin (peace be upon him)?" They said: "Three things. [First]: he made men arbiters in the religion of Allah, and thereby became a disbeliever. [Second]: he fought but took no spoils and took no captives. [Third]: he erased his name from being Amir al-Mu'minin (Commander of the Believers)." [Ibn Abbas] said: "Allah appointed men as arbiters in the affair of Allah — such as in hunting [while in ihram], where He said: 'as adjudged by two just persons among you.' And regarding reconciliation between husband and wife He said: 'And if you fear a breach between the two, appoint an arbiter from his family and an arbiter from her family (so that they may look into their affair)' (Nisa/35). As for his fighting without taking captives or spoils: would you take your mother Aisha as a captive and then treat her as lawful in what is treated lawful with regard to others? If you did so, you would have disbelieved, for she is your mother; and if you say she is not our mother, you have lied, because of the word of Allah: 'And his wives are their (the believers') mothers' (Ahzab/6). And as for his erasing his name from being Amir al-Mu'minin: you have heard that Suhayl ibn Amr and Abu Sufyan came to the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) on the day of Hudaybiyyah for a peace treaty. [The Prophet] said: 'Write: this is that upon which Muhammad the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) has made peace...' [and here, because of their objection, the Prophet removed the words 'Messenger of Allah']. By Allah, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) is superior to Ali (peace be upon him), and he did not thereby depart from prophethood." Then some of them said: "This is of those about whom Allah the Exalted said: 'Nay, they are a contentious people' (Zukhruf/58)." And He said: وَ تُنْذِرَ بِهِ قَوْماً لُدّاً [and that you may warn thereby a vehemently contentious people]. Many of them turned back [from their false belief because of these words of Ibn Abbas].