سورة البقرة

Imam Baqir (peace be upon him): Shawwal, Dhu al-Qa'da and Dhu al-Hijja are the months of Hajj, and people must only go for Hajj in these months.

Imam Baqir (peace be upon him): The months of Hajj are Shawwal, Dhu al-Qa'da and Dhu al-Hijja. The month in which Umrah Mufrada is performed is Rajab.

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him): [What is meant is] the month of Shawwal, Dhu al-Qa'da and Dhu al-Hijja. Whoever intends Hajj, from the time the crescent of Dhu al-Qa'da is sighted, must let the hair of his head grow thick. And whoever intends Umrah must, from one month before, let the hair of his head grow thick and refrain from trimming it.

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him): Whoever puts on the ihram garments with the intention of Hajj before the arrival of the Hajj season, his Hajj is invalid.

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him): The obligation of hajj becomes binding only in these months about which Allah has said: الْحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌ مَعْلُوماتٌ [The pilgrimage is (performed in) the well-known months].

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him): Halabi narrated from Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) that he said regarding Allah's saying الْحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌ مَعْلُوماتٌ فَمَنْ فَرَضَ فِیهِنَّ الْحَجَّ [The pilgrimage is (performed in) the well-known months; so whoever determines the performance of the pilgrimage therein]: what is meant by it is the crescents of the months.

Imam Baqir (peace be upon him): فَرَضَ means saying labbayk, and ish'ar (slitting the hump of the sacrificial camel so that blood flows over its body, as a sign that this camel has been prepared for sacrifice), and taqlid (placing a rope, band or sandal around the neck of a sheep, as a sign that this sheep has been chosen for sacrifice). So whoever performs any one of these has made hajj obligatory upon himself.

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him): The becoming obligatory of hajj consists of: saying labbayk, ish'ar, and taqlid. So if a person performs one of those actions, the obligation of hajj becomes binding upon him.

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him): Mu'awiya ibn Ammar said: Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: "Rafath" is sexual intercourse, and "fusuq" is lying and abusive speech, and "jidal" is that a person says: "Yes, by Allah, it is so," [or] "No, by Allah, it is not so" (that is, he unreasonably insists on his statement). Know that if the pilgrim swears three consecutive truthful oaths, he has engaged in jidal and must offer a sacrifice and give its meat to the needy; and if he swears one false oath, he has engaged in jidal and must offer a sacrifice and give its meat as charity. Then the Imam (peace be upon him) added: [During hajj,] avoid boasting.

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him), narrated from Muawiya ibn Ammar: I asked: "If someone in the course of a conversation says: 'No, by my life! Yes, by my life!' — what is its ruling?" The Imam (peace be upon him) said: "These oaths are not counted among quarrelling (jidal). Jidal is that you say: 'No! By Allah! Yes! By Allah!'"

Imam Kazim (peace be upon him): Ali ibn Ja'far said: I asked my brother Musa ibn Ja'far (peace be upon him): "What is the meaning of rafath, fusuq and jidal, and what is the expiation for one who commits them [while in ihram]?" He replied: "Rafath means sexual intercourse, and fusuq means lying and boasting and showing off, and jidal is that the man says: 'No! By Allah!' or 'Yes! By Allah!'. So any person in ihram who has intercourse must sacrifice a camel or [a cow], and if he cannot, [he must] sacrifice a sheep, and if the person in ihram commits fusuq, he must give charity [which is the sacrifice]."

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him): For arguing and quarrelling, a sheep must be sacrificed, and for insulting and disobedience, a cow must be sacrificed; as for intercourse, it invalidates the Hajj.

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him): As for "rafath" [which means any incitement of sexual desire, here it means] sexual intercourse. And "fusuq" [which means going beyond the limits of right and its responsibility, here] is lying. Have you not heard that Allah has said: يا أَیُّهَا الَّذِینَ آمَنُوا إِنْ جاءَکُمْ فاسِقٌ بِنَبَإٍ فَتَبَیَّنُوا أَنْ تُصِیبُوا قَوْماً بِجَهالَةٍ [O you who believe! If a transgressor brings you news, verify it, lest you harm a people out of ignorance...] (Hujurat/6). And "jidal" [which means dispute and contention in speech to impose one's view], is the speech of a person who repeatedly says: "No! By Allah!" and "Yes! By Allah!"

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him), narrated from Abu Basir: I asked about a person in ihram who wants to do something, and his companion says to him: "By Allah, do not do it!" and he says: "By Allah, I will surely do it," and they disagree several times by swearing oaths. "Has he engaged in jidal and is anything obligatory upon him?" He said: "No! Because his purpose in swearing was to honour his brother, and no sin has taken place in it. Indeed, that [jidal] is only what involves disobedience to Allah."

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him): Abdullah al-Halabi narrated from Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) that he said concerning the Hajj: Allah has laid down a condition upon the people and has also pledged a reward for them; so whoever fulfils that condition, Allah too will fulfil His pledge. I said: "What is the condition that Allah has laid upon them, and what reward has He taken upon Himself?" He said: As for what He has stipulated to be upon them, it is His saying: فَمَنْ فَرَضَ فِیهِنَّ الْحَجَّ فَلا رَفَثَ وَ لا فُسُوقَ وَ لا جِدالَ فِی الْحَجِّ [So whoever determines the performance of the pilgrimage therein, there shall be no intercourse, nor fornication, nor quarrelling in the Hajj]; and as for what is a reward for them, He has said in the continuation of these same verses: فَمَنْ تَعَجَّلَ فِی یَوْمَیْنِ فَلا إِثْمَ عَلَیْهِ وَ مَنْ تَأَخَّرَ فَلا إِثْمَ عَلَیْهِ لِمَنِ اتَّقی [Whoever hastens off in two days, there is no sin upon him, and whoever remains behind, there is no sin upon him, for the one who guards (himself)] ... I said: "A person who has had intercourse [while in ihram] — what do you say he must do?" He said: "It is obligatory upon him to sacrifice a camel; and if the woman assisted the man's desire with her own desire, it is obligatory upon both of them to sacrifice two camels; but if the woman had no inclination for intercourse, nothing is upon her, and a separation is made between the woman and the man until the people depart and they reach the place where they committed that act." I said: "If they went by another road, what is your blessed view? Can they travel together?" He said: "Yes!" I said: "What is your view concerning 'fusuq' (fornication/transgression)? Although it is greater than that, why has no fixed penalty been set for it?" He said: "Let him seek Allah's forgiveness and say 'Labbayk Allahumma Labbayk ...'." I said: "What is your view concerning one who becomes involved in jidal (quarrelling)?" He said: "If he has quarrelled more than twice, then upon the one who has quarrelled truthfully (has sworn truthfully) it is obligatory to slaughter a sheep, and upon the one who has quarrelled wrongfully (has sworn a false oath) it is obligatory to slaughter a cow."

Imam Ali (peace be upon him): O servants of Allah! I enjoin upon you the fear of Allah, which is the provision (for the hereafter), and by means of which, on the Day of Resurrection, one's rank and station are raised and salvation is attained.