سورة النحل

Imam Ali (peace be upon him): Allah has explained in His Book the conditions for the survival of creation, that the survival of creation has four aspects: food and drink (nourishment), clothing, shelter, and marriage for the continuation of offspring. All of these matters require [instructions and] commands and prohibitions... Allah has said concerning clothing and shelter: وَ اللهُ جَعَلَ لَکُمْ مِمَّا خَلَقَ ظِلالاً وَ جَعَلَ لَکُمْ مِنَ الْجِبالِ أَکْناناً وَ جَعَلَ لَکُمْ سَرابیلَ تَقیکُمُ الْحَرَّ وَ سَرابیلَ تَقیکُمْ بَأْسَکُمْ کَذلِکَ یُتِمُّ نِعْمَتَهُ عَلَیْکُمْ لَعَلَّکُمْ تُسْلِمُونَ [And Allah has made for you, of what He has created, shelters (shades), and has made for you refuges in the mountains, and has made for you garments that protect you from the heat, and coats of mail that protect you in your fighting. Thus does He complete His favour upon you, that you may submit].

Ali ibn Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him): وَاللهُ جَعَلَ لَکُم مِّمَّا خَلَقَ ظِلاَلًا [And Allah has made for you, of what He has created, shades] — meaning that under which they sit in the shade. وَجَعَلَ لَکُم مِّنَ الْجِبَالِ أَکْنَانًا وَجَعَلَ لَکُمْ سَرَابِیلَ تَقِیکُمُ الْحَرَّ [And He has made for you refuges in the mountains, and has made for you garments that protect you from the heat] — meaning clothes and shirts. وَسَرَابِیلَ تَقِیکُم بَأْسَکُمْ [And garments that protect you in your fighting] — meaning coats of mail.

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him): Sulayman ibn Khalid said: I asked Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) about heat and cold, and he said: "O Abu Ayyub! Mars is a very hot and burning planet, and Saturn is a very cold planet. Whenever Mars rises higher, Saturn descends towards the horizon. The beginning of these shifts is in spring, and these two planets are constantly shifting in this way relative to the earth, moving closer and further. For three months Mars continually comes one degree closer to the earth and Saturn moves one degree closer to the horizon and further from the earth, until Mars has fully risen in the sky and becomes visible, and Saturn is completely distant, and the weather becomes hot. In late summer and early autumn the reverse of this movement occurs: Saturn comes close to the earth and Mars moves away from it, and at the beginning of winter Mars is completely far from the earth and Saturn is close, and so the weather becomes cold. But if in summer we have a cold day, it is due to the influence of the moon; likewise, if in winter there is a hot day, it is due to the influence of the sun. And this is the ordering and law of the Mighty and All-Knowing Allah, and I am the servant of the Lord of the worlds."