سورة الإسراء

Ali ibn Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him): وَ اسْتَفْزِزْ; that is, deceive and trick مَنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ مِنْهُمْ بِصَوْتِکَ وَ أَجْلِبْ عَلَیْهِم بِخَیْلِکَ وَ رَجِلِکَ [whomsoever of them you can with your voice, and collect against them your forces riding and on foot].

Ibn Abbas (may Allah have mercy on him): On the day of the battle of Uhud, Iblis cried out in the midst of the army of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family): Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family) has been killed. وَ أَجْلِبْ عَلَیْهِمْ بِخَیْلِکَ وَ رَجِلِکَ [and collect against them your forces riding and on foot]; by Allah! Every cavalry force that was on [a path] other than obedience to Allah, Iblis dispatched against the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him), and by Allah, every infantry force that fought against the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) was from the foot-soldiers of Iblis.

The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family): Sulaym ibn Qays said: Imam Ali (peace be upon him) narrated from the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family): Allah the Exalted has forbidden Paradise upon every foul-mouthed, disgraceful, shameless person who cares neither about what he says nor about what is said to him. For if you investigate his condition, [you will find] he is either the offspring of fornication or of the partnership of Satan. It was said to him: "O Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family)! Is there among people also the partnership of Satan?" He said: "Have you not read the words of Allah the Mighty and Majestic, where [He says to Satan]: وَ شارِکْهُمْ فِی الْأَمْوالِ وَ الْأَوْلادِ [and share with them in wealth and children]."

Imam Baqir (peace be upon him): Muhammad ibn Muslim said: I asked Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) about the share, portion and partnership of Satan mentioned in the verse: وَ شَارِکْهُمْ فِی الأَمْوَالِ وَ الأَوْلادِ [And share with them in wealth and children]. He said: "Every unlawful wealth is the share and portion of Satan, and he is with the man and in his being until he has intercourse. Then the child will be from the sperm of Satan and the man, if it is from unlawful wealth."

Ali ibn Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him): شَارِکْهُمْ فِی الأَمْوَالِ وَ الأَوْلاد [And share with them in wealth and children] — Satan has a share and portion in every unlawful wealth, and if with that unlawful wealth a slave-girl is purchased and he marries her and she bears him a child, there is a share in that child for Satan; like a child who is born from her, and when the man lies with her, the child that is born from the sperm of that slave-girl and that man is illegitimate.

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him): Sulayman ibn Khalid said: I said to Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him): "What do you say about the verse: وَ شَارِکْهُمْ فِی الأَمْوَالِ وَ الأَوْلادِ [And share with them in wealth and children]?" He said: "Regarding this, say: I seek refuge in Allah from the evil of the accursed Satan."

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him): Abu Rabi al-Shami said: I was with the Imam (peace be upon him) at night. The Imam (peace be upon him) spoke about the partnership and share of Satan and greatly emphasised it, so much so that I became frightened and said: "May I be your ransom! What is the remedy for this matter and what should we do?" He said: "Whenever you wish to have intercourse, say: بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِیمِ [In the name of Allah, the All-Merciful, the Especially Merciful], there is no deity but He; the Originator of the heavens and the earth is He! O Allah! If You have decreed anything for me tonight, do not appoint for Satan any partnership, share or portion in it, and make his offspring a righteous, pure, sincere and virtuous servant; exalted and lofty is Your praise."

The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family): Abdullah ibn Abbas said: While the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) was seated, his gaze fell upon a snake the size of a camel. Ali (peace be upon him) intended to strike it with a staff, and the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) said to him: "Hold back! For it is Iblis, and I have made a condition with him that no one bears enmity toward you (Ali (peace be upon him)) except that [Satan] shares in his mother's womb, and this is the saying of Allah the Exalted: وَ شَارِکْهُمْ فِی الْأَمْوَالِ وَ الْأَوْلادِ [And share with them in wealth and children]."

The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family)- Jabir said: It is narrated from Imam Baqir (peace be upon him): The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) said: "O Ali (peace be upon him)! Enter the cleft of the mountain." Ali (peace be upon him) entered the cleft of the mountain and went around in it, and saw no one [there], until he reached its entrance and an old man came face to face with him (peace be upon him) and said: "What are you doing here?" He said: "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) has sent me." He said: "Do you know me?" He said: "You must be Satan, the one driven away [from the divine court]." He said: "What do you say to wrestling with me?" Satan wrestled with Ali (peace be upon him), and Ali (peace be upon him) threw him to the ground. Satan said: "Get off me so that I may give you good news." Ali (peace be upon him) got up off Satan and said: "What good news do you have for me, O outcast?!" He said: "O son of Abu Talib (peace be upon him)! By Allah! There is no one who bears enmity toward you except that I share with his father in the womb of his mother, and in his children, and in his wealth. Have you not read the Book of Allah [where He says]: وَ شارِکْهُمْ فِی الْأَمْوالِ وَ الْأَوْلادِ [And share with them in wealth and children]."

Imam Ali (peace be upon him)- Habbah al-Urani said: I heard Imam Ali (peace be upon him) say: I went to the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) at a time when I did not usually go to him, and I saw a man sitting with him who had a disfigured appearance, and I had not known him before that. When he saw me, he hurried out. I said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family)! Who was that whom I had never seen before?" He said: "That was Iblis, the greatest of the devils. I asked my Lord to show him to me, and no one has ever seen him in this form except me and you." He says: "I chased after him and found him at Ahjar al-Zayt (the stones of oil), so I seized him and struck him against that stone and sat on his chest." He said: "O Ali (peace be upon him), what do you want?" I said: "I want to kill you." He said: "You have no power over me." I said: "Why?" He said: "Because your Lord has granted me respite until the Day of Judgement. Release me, O Ali (peace be upon him), for I have with me a means [of benefit] for you and your children." I said: "What is it?" He said: "No one will bear enmity toward you or your children except that I share in his mother's womb. Has Allah not said: وَ شارِکْهُمْ فِی الْأَمْوالِ وَ الْأَوْلادِ [And share with them in wealth and children]."

The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family)- Anas ibn Malik narrates: One day the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) was sitting at the door of his house together with Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him), when an old man came forward and greeted the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) and turned back. The Messenger of Allah said to Ali (peace be upon him): "Do you know that old man?" He said: "No!" He said: "This is Iblis." Ali (peace be upon him) said: "If I had known, I would have finished him off with one stroke of the sword and relieved your ummah of him." Iblis returned to Ali (peace be upon him) and said: "O Abu al-Hasan (peace be upon him), you underestimated me. Have you not heard that Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, said: وَ شارِکْهُمْ فِی الْأَمْوالِ وَ الْأَوْلادِ [And share with them in wealth and children]? By Allah, I have not shared, with anyone who loves you, in his mother."

The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family): Jabir ibn Abdullah al-Ansari said: We were in Mina with the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) when we saw a man prostrating, bowing and supplicating. We said: "O Messenger of Allah! How beautifully he prays!" The Prophet said: "This man is the very one who expelled your father from Paradise." Ali (peace be upon him) went towards him without fear and shook him so violently that his right ribs went into the left and his left ribs went into the right. Then he said to him: "If Allah wills, I shall kill you." Satan said: "You have no power over that until the appointed time which my Lord has fixed. Why do you wish to kill me? By Allah, no one bears hatred for you except that my seed has entered his mother's womb before his father's seed, and I share in the wealth and children of your enemies, as Allah the Mighty and Majestic says in His firm Book: وَ شارِکْهُمْ فِی الْأَمْوالِ وَ الْأَوْلادِ [And share with them in wealth and children]."

The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family): Abdullah ibn Abbas said: When we returned from the Hajj of the House of Allah [in the tenth year of the Hijrah] together with the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family), we sat around him (peace be upon him and his family) in his mosque when suddenly [the signs of the descent of] revelation appeared upon him. After that, the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) laughed intensely, so much so that his front teeth became visible. We asked: "O Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family), what is your laughter about?" He said: "My laughter is about Iblis, who passed by a group that was reviling the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him). Iblis stopped in front of them." They said: "Who is in front of us?" He said: "I am Abu Murrah." They said: "Did you hear our conversation?" He said: "Yes! Woe to you! Are you reviling your master Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him)?" They said to him: "O Abu Murrah! How did you know that he is our master?" He said: "Woe to you! Have you forgotten the words of your Prophet yesterday, when he said: 'Whoever's master and guardian I am, Ali (peace be upon him) is his master'?" They said: "O Abu Murrah! Are you among his Shia and those who love him?" He said: "I am not among his Shia or those who love him, but I love him because there is no one among you who bears hatred for him except that I become a partner in his children and wealth, and this is the saying of Allah [who has said]: وَ شارِکْهُمْ فِی الْأَمْوالِ وَ الْأَوْلادِ [And share with them in wealth and children]."

Imam Ali (peace be upon him): In the Holy Quran, shirk (associating partners with Allah) is also mentioned in four contexts... The third form of shirk is the shirk of fornication. Allah the Exalted says in the Quran: وَ شارِکْهُمْ فِی الْأَمْوالِ وَ الْأَوْلادِ [And share with them in wealth and children]. Whoever listens to a speaker has worshipped him; if the speaker speaks from Allah, he has worshipped Allah, and if he speaks from other than Allah, he has worshipped other than Allah.

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him): Abu Basir said: Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: "O Aba Muhammad! When the wife of one of you comes to him, what does he say?" I asked: "May I be your ransom! Can a man say anything?" He said: "Would you like me to teach you?" I said: "Yes!" He said: "Say: With the words of Allah I have made her private parts lawful for myself, and with the trust of Allah I have taken her. O Allah! If You place anything for me in her womb, make it righteous and pious, and make him a Muslim of moderate way and on the straight path, and let there be in him no share for Satan." I asked: "What is the proof and sign of this matter?" He said: "Have you not read the Book of Allah?" Then he began reciting and said: "وَ شَارِکْهُمْ فِی الأَمْوَالِ وَ الأَوْلادِ [And share with them in wealth and children]. Satan comes and, like the man, places himself beside the woman, and like him he mingles with the woman." I said: "What is the mark and sign of this matter?" He said: "Love and enmity toward us. Whoever is from the seed of a believing man loves us, and whoever is from the seed of Satan is hostile to us."

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him): Safwan al-Jammal said: I was with Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) when Isa ibn Mansur asked permission to enter. The Imam (peace be upon him) said to him: "What have you to do with so-and-so, O Isa? He does not love you." Isa said: "May my father and mother be your ransom! He holds our belief, and whomever we love and whose wilayah we have accepted, he too loves and has accepted his wilayah." The Imam (peace be upon him) said to him: "He has the arrogance of Iblis." He said: "May my father and mother be your ransom! Is it not so that Iblis said: You created me from fire and created him from clay (Sad/76)?" The Imam said: "Is it not so that Allah has said: وَ شَارِکْهُمْ فِی الأَمْوَالِ وَ الأَوْلادِ [And share with them in wealth and children]. In this way Satan lays his seed among the children of Adam." And the Imam (peace be upon him) placed his two fingers beside each other.

Imam Hasan (peace be upon him): Regarding وَ شارِکْهُمْ فِی الْأَمْوالِ وَ الْأَوْلادِ [and share with them in wealth and children], it is narrated: One day Imam Hasan (peace be upon him) and Yazid ibn Muawiya were sitting and eating fresh dates. Yazid said to Imam Hasan (peace be upon him): "I have long held enmity toward you and still do." The Imam (peace be upon him) replied: "O Yazid! Know that Satan participated with your father when he had intercourse with your mother, so the two fluids mixed together [and you came into being from that seed]; therefore you inherited enmity toward me. For Allah says in the Quran: وَ شارِکْهُمْ فِی الْأَمْوالِ وَ الْأَوْلادِ [and share with them in wealth and children]. Likewise, Satan participated at the time of Harb's intercourse [who was among Yazid's ancestors], and as a result Sakhr was born. That is why Sakhr harbored hatred toward my grandfather, the Prophet of Islam (peace be upon him and his family), in his heart."

Imam Baqir (peace be upon him): Zurara said: Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) said: "Hajjaj is the son of Satan, born of the intercourse of Dhi al-Radha [a radha is a fissure in a mountain where water collects]." Then he said: "Yusuf went to the mother of Hajjaj and wanted to have relations with her. The woman said: 'Did we not just now lie together?' So he withdrew from her, and the woman gave birth to Hajjaj."

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him): Sayf ibn Umayra said: Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: "Those who do not care what they say or what is said about them — Satan penetrates them; and whoever does not care that people see him in ugly deeds is also in Satan's snare; whoever backbites his believing brother and speaks ill of him without any prior dispute between them is also in Satan's snare; and whoever has a longing for unlawful wealth or is drawn to fornication is also caught in Satan's snare."

Imam Baqir (peace be upon him): When a man commits fornication, Satan enters into his male organ and both of them together mingle with the woman, and the two seminal fluids mix together, and Allah creates a fetus from that man and Satan; this is Satan's participation and share.

Ibn Abbas (may Allah have mercy on him): وَ شارِکْهُمْ فِی الْأَمْوالِ وَ الْأَوْلادِ [and share with them in wealth and children]; this participation of Satan is [in] every wealth acquired through unlawful means and every child born of fornication.

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him): I asked Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) about the meaning of not making in it a share and portion for Satan: "How does Satan gain a share and portion in this matter?" He said: "When the name of Allah is mentioned, Satan flees from there; otherwise Satan enters into his male organ, and the act takes place from both of them, while the sperm is one."

The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family): Jabir said: The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) said: The first one to wail and lament was Iblis, and the first one to sing melodies was Iblis, and the first one to chant hudi (the camel-driver's song for camels) was Iblis. The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) said: "When Adam ate from the forbidden tree, Iblis sang; and when he was cast down to the earth, he chanted hudi for him (a kind of tune which stirs and moves the camels); and when Adam (peace be upon him) settled on the earth, Iblis wailed and reminded Adam (peace be upon him) of the memories and states that were in Paradise. So Adam (peace be upon him) said: 'O Allah, this one whom You placed as an enemy between him and me — when I was in Paradise, I had no power over him. And if You do not help and aid me, I will not gain strength over him.' Allah said: 'I record one sin as one sin, and one good deed as ten times up to seven hundred times.' He said: 'O my Lord, grant me more favor!' He said: 'No child shall be born to you except that I appoint over him one or two angels to protect him.' He said: 'O my Lord, grant me more favor!' He said: 'As long as the soul is in their body, I shall keep repentance open to them.' He said: 'O my Lord, grant me more favor!' He said: 'I forgive sins and do not mind.' Adam (peace be upon him) said: 'That is enough for me.' Iblis said: 'O Allah, this (Adam) is the one whom You have honored and preferred over me, and if You do not grant me from Your favor and bounty, I cannot overcome him.' He said: 'For every child of his, you shall have two children.' Iblis said: 'O Allah, increase for me.' He said: 'You shall flow in him like the flowing of blood in the veins.' Iblis said: 'O Allah, increase for me.' Allah said: 'You and your progeny will take dwellings in their hearts.' Iblis said: 'O Allah, increase for me.' Allah said: 'You will make promises to them and cast them into vain hopes, وَ ما یَعِدُهُمُ الشَّیْطانُ إِلَّا غُرُوراً [and the Satan makes no promise to them but to deceive].'"

Imam Ali (peace be upon him): O Kumayl! Preserve the saying of Allah the Mighty and Majestic who said: "Satan has made their evil deeds seem fair to them and has deceived them with long hopes." (Muhammad/27) The deceiver is Satan, and the one who grants respite is Allah the Exalted. O Kumayl! Remember the saying of Allah the Exalted to Iblis, may Allah's curse be upon him: "And send against them your cavalry and infantry, and share with them in wealth and children, and hold out promises to them! But Satan gives them no promise except deception." (al-Isra/64) O Kumayl! Indeed, Iblis does not make promises from himself; rather, he makes promises on behalf of Allah in order to drive people to disobedience and thus plunge them into ruin.

The Messenger (peace be upon him and his family): O son of Mas'ud! Take care that you do not eat what is haram, do not wear what is haram, do not take from haram wealth, and do not disobey Allah, for Allah the Exalted says to Iblis: وَ اسْتَفْزِزْ مَنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ مِنْهُمْ بِصَوْتِکَ وَ أَجْلِبْ عَلَیْهِمْ بِخَیْلِکَ وَ رَجِلِکَ وَ شارِکْهُمْ فِی الْأَمْوالِ وَ الْأَوْلادِ وَ عِدْهُمْ وَ ما یَعِدُهُمُ الشَّیْطانُ إِلَّا غُرُوراً [And beguile whomsoever of them you can with your voice, and collect against them your forces riding and on foot, and share with them in wealth and children, and hold out promises to them; and Satan makes not promises to them but to deceive]. And He has said: Let not the life of this world deceive you, and let not Satan deceive you regarding [the generosity of] Allah! (Fatir/5)